1. 研究目的与意义（文献综述包含参考文献）
1.introductiontraditional chinese medicine is an important part of chinese culture as well as a symbol of a country with thousands years of history. as china has a growing impact on the world, tcm is becoming known internationally. huangdi neijing, reputed as the bible of tcm, includes a systematic and complete system of medical theories. many tcm terms used nowadays can find their origins in huangdi neijing, which also contains a large number of metaphors in the book. eco-translatology is a newly emerging translation theory which combines translation with ecology (wang 2014) . eco-translatology borrows such ecological terms as survival of the fittest, eco-environment and adaptation and selection to explain translation activities. this theory believes translation is a process in which the translators adapt to the translational eco-environment and then make some adaptive selections. based on the theory of eco-translatology, this thesis aims to study metaphors in the translations of huangdi neijing and explores how translators manage to convey the meaning of content with chinese characteristics.this thesis consists of five chapters. chapter one is the introduction part, which presents the research background, research questions and the overall structure. chapter two focuses on the review of literature, containing a brief introduction to huangdi neijing, theoretical framework eco-translatology, and relevant previous studies. chapter three introduces questions focused on the study. case study of metaphor translation is shown in chapter four.the last chapter is the concluding section, which summarizes the major findings, points out the limitations and puts forward suggestions for further study.2.literature review2.1 a brief introduction to huangdi neijinghuangdi neijing, divided into su wen and ling shu, is one of the four classics of traditional chinese medicine, which boasts unique medical and historical values and linguistic and cultural features. it lays a solid foundation for the distinct medical system of tcm. it is not only about chinese medicine, but also a combination of traditional chinese philosophy, biology, psychology, and society. this mode of holistic medicine is consistent with the ideas involved in eco-tranlatology that every aspect should be considered. there is no denying that huangdi neijing is of great value for foreigners learning tcm. concerning the metaphors in the book, it it a task for translators to properly translate the meaning of those terms to spread chinese culture far and wide.2.2 theoretical framework: eco-translatologyrooted in china, eco-translatology was first put forward by the chinese scholar hu gengshen based on his previous study of translation as adaptation and selection. he took the initiative to conduct some in-depth and systematic research in terms of eco-translatology. he regards translation as an activity in which translators need to adapt to a translational environment. the translation ecosystem refers to a world constituted by the original text, the source language, and the translated language. it is also comparable to a world involving communication, culture, society, as well as the author, the reader, the client, and the translator. at the same time, the translator should take the initiative to translate for various needs. since ancient china, people have attached great importance to the harmony between man and nature, which reflects the correlation between man and ecology. as an interdisciplinary theory, eco-translatology has attracted many peoples attention. it is an ecological approach totranslation studies. as most of its theories have been proved valuable to translation studies, there is no doubt that eco-translatology has become a well-accepted translation theory in the past decade. many people have employed this theory to study the translation of works.eco-translatology offers a new perspective to translation, including its nature, principle, approach, standard, and the process of translation. just like many other translation theories, there are also some specific terminologies in eco-translatology, such as translational eco-environment, three dimensional transformation and translator-centeredness. the principle of three-dimensional transformation on language, culture and communication is worth studying compared with other broad theories. as a result, this thesis is aimed at discussing three-dimensional transformation in the translation of metaphors in huangdi neijing. thus, eco-translatology can shed some light on the translation of medical classics and foreign people can gain a better understanding of tcm.2.3 review of previous studies2.3.1 studies of eco-translatology abroadeco-translatology is the combination of ecology and translation. a large number of western scholars have already mentioned something concerned with ecology in translation studies. for example, newmark (1988) thought that the cultures in translation can be divide into five categories: ecology, material culture, social culture(work and leisure), organizations (customs, activities, procedures, concepts) , gestures and habits. the priority in his study was ecology. katan (1999) specified this category and brought up the ecological environment including physical and political environment, climate, space, and other things. cronin (2003) held that globalization changed the environment of translation. he also put forward the new concept of language eco-system and thought that we should save those endangered languages to preserve cultural diversity. they expressed their opinions on eco-translatology. 2.3.2 studies of eco-translatology at homein china, hu gengshen first put forward the theory of eco-translatology. in 2001, he delivered a speech called from the darwinian principle of adaptation and selection to translation studies, which marked the start of eco-translatology. in 2004, hu published his monograph translation as adaptation and selection, which was regarded as the foundation of eco-translatology. many scholars spoke highly of this book and contended that many views in it were insightful. in the next few years, hu published more papers on eco-translatology. in 2008, he officially proposed the term and a new perspective of translation studies was born. since the theory gained popularity, many people employed it to study the translation of literary works. for example, qin yalin (2011) adopted the three dimensions to analyse the translation of red sorghum by ge haowen, and concluded that the translators adaption and selection met the aesthetic need of the audience. li yuyin and xiao fei (2021) aimed to study the translation of the old man and sea by zhang ailin and wu lao, and they explored how to make translation keep up with the times and more accurate from the perspective of the three dimensions. li hongxia (2021) applied research tools to study the translation of treatise on typhoid miscellaneous diseases by li zhaoguo and the study was aimed to compare the styles of different translators and to identify the translators adaption to the context. wu chunyu and wang yinquan studied the lexicon in the translation of huangdi neijing she wanted to pursue better translations of these terms to provide certain reference for tcm classics translation. besides, eco-translatology has also been employed to study the translation of practical contexts, such as the chinese public signs, subtitle translation for cultural promotion. for example, shi yao（2022）focused on the subtitle translation of a video of zhangjiakou for the winter olympics and found that eco-tranlatology can be used in a larger scale. in conclusion, eco-translatology can be employed in various kinds of situations. this thesis mainly deals with the translation of metaphors in huangdi neijing in light of the three dimensions, which is a highlight for tcm translation.2.3.3 previous studies of metaphors translation in huangdi neijingas one of the four tcm classics in china, huangdi neijing and its translation have received much attention. more importantly, there are a large number of metaphors in this book. over recent years, many scholars have done some research in terms of the translation of metaphors in huangdi neijing. for example, wang zhimei（2014）discussed it from three aspects, including meaning, form, and function, and she concluded several ways of translation to better convey the meaning of the original text. luo xi（2017）chose the perspective of the memes of translation and she found out that many metaphors were derived from nature, life experiences and politics. then she compared two versions of the translation of huangdi neijing in the hope of providing an insight in revealing the nature of metaphor translation to promote the development of tcm. li monan（2012）used the conceptual blending theory to discuss the metaphor translation. besides, a few scholars used the conceptual metaphor theory to specify the metaphors in several categories and came to the conclusion that translators should combine the strategy of literal and free translation. in conclusion, there are many scholars who have studied the metaphor translation in huangdi neijing from a variety of perspectives. however, little research has been done in terms of the application of eco-translatology. referencesfeng, quangong.(2021).eco-translatology: towards an eco-paradigm of translation studies. perspectives, 29(6), 959-960. lan fengli. (2004). study on the english translation of description of huangdi neijing su wen. chinese journal of integrated traditional and western medicine, 24(10), 947-50liu, yi. (2013).study on lu xuns translation activities from the perspective of ecotranslatology. paper presented at proceedings of the 2013 international conference on advances in social science, humanities, and management guangzhou, china.niu chuanyue. (2004). principles and methods of english translation for huangdi neijing. zhong xi yi jie he xue bao, 2(5), 396.shi, xiaoxuan. (2019).study on the english translation of huangdi neijing taking metaphor as an example. modern linguistics, 07(04), 490-494.邓珍珍 (2018)，生态翻译学视角下《黄帝内经》养生用语英译研究，硕士学位论文。
北京中医药大学。
胡庚申 (2011)，生态翻译学的研究焦点与理论视角，中国翻译(02)：5-9。
2. 研究的基本内容、问题解决措施及方案
MethodologyThe paper mainly employs analysis and case study. Some typical metaphor translation in the Huangdi Neijing will be chosen and analyzed to see how the translators adapted to the translational eco-environment and made their selections in the linguistic, cultural and communicative dimensions. The case study is to compare the original context with the translation version.The questions to be addressed in this thesis are as follows: （1）How are metaphors used in Huangdi Neijing？What are the major categories? What are their functions?（2） How are metaphors translated in Huangdi Neijing? What translation strategies have been used? （3）Are the translations proper according to the three-dimension principle of eco-translatology?
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