Research Progress of Superhydrophilic Anti-fogging Surfaces开题报告

1. 研究目的与意义（文献综述包含参考文献）

Super-hydrophilic silica film with antifogging and antireflective properties was prepared by dip-coating the glass in SiO2nanoparticles sol. The transparent super-hydrophilic film was composed of silica nanoparticles of about 2030nm in diameter. The combination of hydrophilic SiOH on the surface and nanoporous surface topography was believed to be responsible for the antifogging property. The nanopores also effectively reduced the refractive index of the film and resulted in the antireflective property. By sintering the multifunctional silica film, a pencil hardness of 2H could be obtained. Application of the functional film in full-sized photovoltaic modules (158080835mm) demonstrated an increase of the power output of about 2%, 5% and 8%, respectively, at incidence angles of 0, 30 and 60[1]. Glass is a material which plays an important role in architecture and in the automotive and display industries. Inorganic - organic composite systems prepared by the sol-gel process have been investigated for several years. Fogging is common on glass surfaces. This is a very undesirable property and is the result of a droplet type of condensation when the temperature goes below the dew point [2].A novel route to construct stable and durable anti-adhesion surfaces was explored viaa combination of the excellent anti-adhesion performance of zwitterionic betaine macromolecules with the strong adhesion of DOPA or its derivatives to various substrates. The zwitterionic betaine macromolecules bearing a thiol group poly(DMAPMAPS-co-BAC) and a DOPA derivative DMA containing a catechol anchor group and a double bond were first designed and synthesized. The poly(DMAPMAPS-co-BAC)-grafted surfaces were then fabricatedvia the interfacial thiolene photoclick reaction between poly(DMAPMAPS-co-BAC) and DMA anchored onto substrate (i.e., Glass slides and flat PET sheets) surfaces [3].Smooth copolymer -fluro surfactant complex film surfaces are found to exhibit fast oleophobic hydrophilic switching behavior. Equilibration of the high oil contact angle and low water contact angle values occurs within 10 s of droplet impact. These optically transparent surfaces display excellent anti-fogging and self-cleaning properties [4]. Anti-fogging and self cleaning coatings are of great interest for many applications, including solar panels, windshields and displays or lenses to be used in humid environments. On the simultaneous synthesis, at atmospheric pressure, of anatase TIO2 nanoparticles and low-temperature, high-rate deposition of anatase TIO2 and SIO2 nanocomposite coatings [5]. However, so far, it remains a big challenge to take into consideration all these properties simultaneously due to the structural contradiction. Here in, we develop an effective dip-coating process to prepare hybrid thin films with mechanical robustness, high transmittance, super-durable moisture resistance, excellent photocatalytic activity and durable superhydrophilicity. Three different nanoparticles were deposited sequentially to construct the above thin film and the maximum transmittance of this particular thin film reached ～96.0%. The film surface showed an excellent superhydrophilicity (water contact angle ≈3.0), and antifogging property. The super-hydrophilic thin film could keep its property for more than 20 days. The transformation from hydrophilicity to superhydrophilicity of the thin film could be readily realized by UV irradiation. Moreover, its self-cleaning property could be retained after reduplicative storage and UV illumination cycles. Sponge washing test, water drop impact, pencil hardness test and tape peeling test revealed that the thin film possessed outstanding mechanical robustness. Methylene blue photodegradation was chose to weigh the photocatalytic activity of the hybrid thin film. The thin film shows excellent humidity-resistance at high temperature, and the excellent performance is due to its closed-surface structure. The closed-surface multifunctional thin films pave way toward use in solar cells, high-rise architecture windows under severe climate conditions [6].A novel nanohybrid coating of TIO2 and reduced graphene oxide is fabricated by vacuum assisted filtration followed by transfer to glass substrate. The main advantage of this coating technique is that, the film thickness can be controlled by the amount of graphene oxide used for vacuum filtration. These TIO2 reduced graphene oxide films show hydrophilicity and photocatalytic property upon irradiation of UV light and visible light [7].Interestingly, nano-SIO2and nano-TIO2acted as both multifunctional hybrid crosslinker and nanofiller in this hybrid hydrogel. Meanwhile, covalent bonding existed between TIO2and SIO2, as well as polymers and SIO2, and non-covalent interactions existed between TIO2 and polymers, as well as the organic skeleton. The obtained hybrid hydrogel exhibited high tensile strength (38.78330.50 kPa), medium tensile elastic modulus (26.53120.48 kPa), ultrahigh compression strength (1.866.22 MPa), unprecedented fatigue resistance, and self-healability due to its unique hierarchical inorganic hybrid crosslinking mechanism. In addition, this hydrogel also displayed considerable anti-fogging and UV-shielding property. Hence, this hybrid hydrogel will have many potential uses in soft robots, substitutes for load-bearing tissues, and optical devices [8].Self-cleaning coatings, with benefits to environment, energy and labor saving, have attracted great attention due to their potential application in many aspects of human's daily life. In this perspective article, the recent efforts to understand and improve photo-induced hydrophilicity and self-cleaning properties of TIO2 are reviewed. Particular attention is paid to the fundamental aspects and mechanism of the photo-induced hydrophilicity effect. The challenges that need to be addressed over the coming years to improve the efficiency and extend the application are also presented [9].Systematically investigate the enhanced light harvesting characteristics of AF and AR coating functionalized photoanode-based ssDSSCs by measuring UV-visible spectroscopy, incident photon-to-electron conversion efficiency (IPCE) curves under fogging conditions. Compared with conventional photoanode based ssDSSCs, the AF and AR coating functionalized photoanodes substantially suppress fogging and reduce reflection, leading to significantly enhanced light harvesting, especially under fogging conditions. ssDSSCs made of AF and AR coating functionalized photoanodes exhibit an improved photovoltaic efficiency of 6.0% and 5.9% under non-fogging and fogging conditions, respectively, and retain their device efficiencies for at least 20 days, which is a significant improvement of ssDSSCs with conventional photoanodes (4.7% and 1.9% under non-fogging and fogging conditions, respectively). We believe that AF and AR functionalization viaone step SiO2colloidal coating is a promising method for enhancing light harvesting properties in various solar energy conversion applications [10].Amultifunctional food packaging composite coating with transparent, biodegradable, antifogging and antibacterial properties was designed and fabricated by quaternary ammonium salt modified chitosan (HACC) and poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA) via a facile and environment-friendly solution casting method.A simple quaternization modification enabled the coating simultaneously to achieve excellent antifogging and antibacterial functions. The excellent antifogging property of the HACC/PVA composite coating was attributed to the strong water absorbency of quaternary ammonium chitosan and PVA. A nearly 98% transmittance ratio of coated glasses was achieved during antifogging test. In addition, the inhibition rate of the HACC/PVA composite coating kill against Escherichia coli (E. coli), Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and Botrytis cinerea were up to ~99%. The antibacterial effect was demonstrated by each group of strawberries after storage for 1, 3, 5 days. The multifunctional coating has broad prospects in the application of fruit and vegetable packaging [11].A numerical procedure for the prediction of fogging and defogging phenomena. The simulation involves the solution of an air flow field along a cold solid surface, the evaluation of the unsteady conduction through the solid itself, and a model for the heat and mass transfer within the thin water layer on the fogged surface. A suite of routines for the unsteady simulation of the water layer evolution is coupled with an equal order finite element Navier Stokes solver and a finite volume conduction code [12].In recent years, zwitterionic polymers have been frequently reported to modify various surfaces to enhance hydrophilicity, antifouling and antibacterial properties, which show significant potentials particularly in biological systems. This review focuses on the fabrication, properties and various applications of zwitterionic polymer grafted surfaces. The graft-from and graft-to strategies, surface grafting copolymerization and post zwitterionization methods were adopted to graft lots type of the zwitterionic polymers on different inorganic/organic surfaces. The inherent hydrophilicity and salt affinity of the zwitterionic polymers endow the modified surfaces with antifouling, antibacterial and lubricating properties, thus the obtained zwitterionic surfaces show potential applications in biosystems [13].Due to the inevitable condensation of water vapor on the hard surface, these materials enter the fog under normal operating conditions. This natural phenomenon reduces their light transmittance and leads to aesthetic, health and safety problems, which negatively affects their optical performance. In this sense, research in the field of fog protection technology is of particular interest, especially in recent years. This review details the latest developments in the design and production of fog protection surfaces, starting with the fogging mechanism for water droplet aggregation and growth [14]. Fogging of glasses is a widespread and well-known problem still searching for solutions. It occurs on the surfaces of objects that are colder than their humid environment. This is, e.g., the case for eyeglasses, if the wearer walks from the cold outside into a warm room, or for bathroom mirrors, if someone is taking a hot shower. Further examples for glasses that are frequently affected by fogging are helmet visors, diving goggles, car mirrors, or windows in general. The problem of fogging is that water condenses in form of small droplets on the surface. These droplets scatter the transmitted light, and thus cause blurred vision through the glass. Anti-fogging surfaces avoid the formation of scattering droplets on a surface. This can be achieved by improving the wettability of the surface such that the droplets are spread completely across the surface. This wetting state is called super-hydrophilic; the required water contact angle is θ

2. 研究的基本内容、问题解决措施及方案

In this report, super-hydrophilic films, their structure, size and anti-fog coating are mentioned. There were relatively few materials compared to super-hydrophobic. However, research has shown that researchers are doing more research to address this topic and trying to make it more durable and sustainable.Over the years, super-hydrophilic anti-fog surfaces have attracted great interest in the scientific community, zwitterionic polymers and their importance in biological systems. and despite great progress, some challenges remain. First of all, as far as the method of surface physical modification is concerned, a super-hydrophilic surface with anti-fog function can be obtained through the rough structure formed by simple chemical etching, but the rough structure of such surface is often difficult to control, which is an effective combination of the mechanical properties and strength of the coating is to create a better anti-fog super-hydrophilic surface. Therefore, the previous studies will be considered in more detail, and the methods of preparation, and organic, inorganic hybrid super-hydrophilic materials will be discussed in more detailed further. As long as future and ongoing research can focus on the development of super-hydrophilic anti-fog materials that are compatible with industrial manufacturing, less time-consuming, environmentally friendly, and durable, a variety of super-hydrophilic anti-fog materials will surely be prepared.